1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:10,160 The areas in black are the total area covered, which we obtained from the mission. 2 00:00:10,160 --> 00:00:17,179 And the areas in red are the pieces which we missed due to the deletion of the plane 3 00:00:17,179 --> 00:00:21,559 change and the day early return. 4 00:00:21,559 --> 00:00:27,199 This little piece down here was a blight pass which we had planned with the pan camera. 5 00:00:27,199 --> 00:00:32,159 It would have taken place on grab 72 in order to get photographs of the ascending which 6 00:00:32,159 --> 00:00:37,600 is an area of particular interest to the geology. 7 00:00:37,600 --> 00:00:41,039 So you can see that we did lose some data. 8 00:00:41,039 --> 00:00:45,519 On the other hand we did pick up some data that we would not have gotten. 9 00:00:45,519 --> 00:00:51,519 And I think overall the effectiveness of the pan of the coverage was about 90% of what 10 00:00:51,519 --> 00:00:54,719 we had hoped for pre-emission. 11 00:00:54,719 --> 00:01:02,840 I really want to express the thanks of the photo team to the flight planners here and 12 00:01:02,840 --> 00:01:07,039 also to Ken for his operation of the cameras during the mission. 13 00:01:07,039 --> 00:01:14,539 I know that it was very confusing to be continually changing the flight plan and Ken probably 14 00:01:14,539 --> 00:01:19,039 wondered what the hell we were doing with all these on-off and so on. 15 00:01:19,040 --> 00:01:27,320 But really I think we did a very effective job of recovering almost all of the data that 16 00:01:27,320 --> 00:01:30,640 we had planned for the mission. 17 00:01:30,640 --> 00:01:35,400 I have the next slide, please. 18 00:01:35,400 --> 00:01:41,520 This is a diagram showing what the Apollo 15 coverage was like. 19 00:01:41,520 --> 00:01:48,000 This is the plan coverage for the 16 mission and in the data line is the plan coverage for 20 00:01:48,000 --> 00:01:49,000 the 17 mission. 21 00:01:49,000 --> 00:01:55,519 The only reason I show this is to indicate that the areas where we did lose data unfortunately 22 00:01:55,519 --> 00:02:03,980 are in the areas that were not covered by 15 and will not be covered by 17 so that the 23 00:02:03,980 --> 00:02:06,359 losses although small were real. 24 00:02:06,359 --> 00:02:11,039 You have the next slide. 25 00:02:11,039 --> 00:02:16,759 Ken during the film recovery EVA you reported that the stellar camera glare shield was hung 26 00:02:16,759 --> 00:02:18,759 up on the hand rail. 27 00:02:18,759 --> 00:02:24,759 I am not 100 percent clear as to exactly what that situation was. 28 00:02:24,759 --> 00:02:29,439 This is the stellar camera glare shield and this is a little cover that comes down and 29 00:02:29,439 --> 00:02:34,359 covers that when the mapping camera is retracted. 30 00:02:34,359 --> 00:02:39,519 Maybe you have discussed this with the other people here at the center but for my own information 31 00:02:39,519 --> 00:02:45,199 I would like to know whether this is the cover that was hung up or this is the cover. 32 00:02:46,199 --> 00:02:48,399 The shield at the forward end that one. 33 00:02:48,399 --> 00:02:49,399 This one? 34 00:02:49,399 --> 00:02:50,719 No, the first time you looked at that. 35 00:02:50,719 --> 00:02:51,719 That was sticking up. 36 00:02:51,719 --> 00:02:53,719 That is sticking up. 37 00:02:53,719 --> 00:02:57,639 But the tip out here was matched against the hand rail. 38 00:02:57,639 --> 00:02:59,439 Mashed against the hand rail out in. 39 00:02:59,439 --> 00:03:02,719 Yeah, the rail in this picture is not installed. 40 00:03:02,719 --> 00:03:03,719 The rail is not installed. 41 00:03:03,719 --> 00:03:04,719 That's right. 42 00:03:04,719 --> 00:03:07,719 This lip was up against it and bent back out of the way. 43 00:03:07,719 --> 00:03:08,719 I see. 44 00:03:08,719 --> 00:03:09,719 That was not in a full extent position. 45 00:03:09,719 --> 00:03:13,120 I will look at it as a partial extension. 46 00:03:13,120 --> 00:03:17,439 Could you tell whether this was bent, whether this rail was bent, which extends rail? 47 00:03:17,439 --> 00:03:21,920 No, but I think we all photo the probably tell you that. 48 00:03:21,920 --> 00:03:23,240 I don't remember. 49 00:03:23,240 --> 00:03:24,759 The end of the shield was bent. 50 00:03:24,759 --> 00:03:26,599 Whether that rail, no. 51 00:03:26,599 --> 00:03:27,599 Here. 52 00:03:27,599 --> 00:03:30,920 In the next section of the course, that was bent. 53 00:03:30,920 --> 00:03:34,719 Now whether that rail itself was bent, I didn't notice. 54 00:03:34,719 --> 00:03:38,980 The implication of course is that if this had happened early in the mission in this 55 00:03:38,979 --> 00:03:44,819 shield were bent down, we might get excessive light into the stellar camera and our background 56 00:03:44,819 --> 00:03:49,579 density would be lower, would be higher than we expected. 57 00:03:49,579 --> 00:03:52,739 We might not see as many stars. 58 00:03:52,739 --> 00:03:58,979 The other indication of malfunction that we had of course was in the exposure control 59 00:03:58,979 --> 00:04:01,259 on the pan camera. 60 00:04:01,259 --> 00:04:08,620 And that would indicate that the pictures away from the terminal may be overexposed. 61 00:04:08,620 --> 00:04:12,420 That situation is also being looked at and again we are going to talk about it this afternoon 62 00:04:12,420 --> 00:04:15,500 before we actually process the film. 63 00:04:15,500 --> 00:04:18,540 Here the next slide. 64 00:04:18,540 --> 00:04:24,860 This is the information which I have with regard to the laser altimeter operation. 65 00:04:24,860 --> 00:04:30,300 The first row across here is what the nominal mission would have been and the second row 66 00:04:30,300 --> 00:04:35,379 is the actual results from the Apollo 16. 67 00:04:35,379 --> 00:04:39,379 We had planned a total of 20 hours and a few minutes of operating time. 68 00:04:39,379 --> 00:04:47,779 We got 14 hours and a half so that we are down about 25% in the total operating time. 69 00:04:47,779 --> 00:04:55,420 This is the total revolutions in Longitude that we had planned 10.3 and we got 7.5. 70 00:04:55,420 --> 00:05:01,180 So again we are down about 25% in that regard. 71 00:05:01,180 --> 00:05:09,019 Total number of firings 3283 and 2106 is the actual number that was recorded. 72 00:05:09,019 --> 00:05:16,579 So we are down nearly 30% in the total number of firings. 73 00:05:16,579 --> 00:05:24,259 Also the number of valid elevation readings that we got was appreciably less than the total 74 00:05:24,259 --> 00:05:25,819 number of firings. 75 00:05:25,819 --> 00:05:33,300 So that the actual mission in terms of altimeter observations gave us a little bit less than 76 00:05:33,300 --> 00:05:37,579 half of what we had actually planned. 77 00:05:37,579 --> 00:05:44,539 That is really not as serious a shortfall as it sounds just from the numbers because 78 00:05:44,539 --> 00:05:48,899 the readings were quite well distributed throughout the mission. 79 00:05:48,899 --> 00:05:55,420 The general operation that we saw on the altimeter, the first several revs were completely 80 00:05:55,420 --> 00:05:56,420 nominal. 81 00:05:56,420 --> 00:05:58,819 All of the elevation readings were valid. 82 00:05:58,819 --> 00:06:04,819 Then it began to fall off about 75%, 65% and down to about 60%. 83 00:06:04,819 --> 00:06:15,100 Except on the last data pass on rev 62 where it was only about 10% effective. 84 00:06:15,100 --> 00:06:19,780 Generally what we seem to observe is that there would be one good shot and one bad shot 85 00:06:19,780 --> 00:06:25,340 and one good one bad and then maybe several good ones in a row. 86 00:06:25,339 --> 00:06:32,139 We can talk about the reason for that but that is more appropriately covered in the systems 87 00:06:32,139 --> 00:06:34,619 review tomorrow. 88 00:06:34,619 --> 00:06:40,939 The effect that it will have on the data is simply to give us a larger spacing between 89 00:06:40,939 --> 00:06:42,339 data points. 90 00:06:42,339 --> 00:06:48,219 So far as the, it is effect on the reduction of the photography is concerned that it is absolutely 91 00:06:48,220 --> 00:06:49,860 inconsequential. 92 00:06:49,860 --> 00:06:58,220 So far as it is effect on the correlation between the tracking and gravity data and the profiles, 93 00:06:58,220 --> 00:07:01,020 it is a little bit more of concern. 94 00:07:01,020 --> 00:07:04,740 They do have a little bit more smoothing to do between the data points that they got. 95 00:07:04,740 --> 00:07:09,900 But essentially I don't think that it really hurts us so far as the scientific return from 96 00:07:09,900 --> 00:07:12,300 the mission is concerned. 97 00:07:12,540 --> 00:07:19,860 I would like to say just a word or so about the utilization of the photography. 98 00:07:19,860 --> 00:07:26,819 It has been proceeding much more slowly than I had anticipated in reducing the pictures 99 00:07:26,819 --> 00:07:28,860 from Apollo 15. 100 00:07:28,860 --> 00:07:36,340 However the work which is being done by the ACIC in St. Louis is indicating that the photography 101 00:07:36,340 --> 00:07:42,220 photographic reduction will provide a positional coordinates of features on the lunar 102 00:07:42,220 --> 00:07:48,940 surface with the accuracy of 10 to 12 meters in position and in elevation. 103 00:07:48,940 --> 00:07:53,740 And that seems to coincide very well with what we had predicted pre-mission. 104 00:07:53,740 --> 00:07:59,940 So we are quite confident that we are getting very good information from the pictures in 105 00:07:59,940 --> 00:08:02,300 that regard. 106 00:08:02,300 --> 00:08:11,020 The tracking data generally is consistent within an orbital pass but we do find discrepancies 107 00:08:11,019 --> 00:08:20,259 of up to a kilometer between adjacent photographic passes so that the reduction of the photographs 108 00:08:20,259 --> 00:08:29,099 is giving us a much better tie between orbital passes than we get from the tracking data itself. 109 00:08:29,099 --> 00:08:34,699 Consequently we do expect eventually to come up with an internally consistent coordinate 110 00:08:34,700 --> 00:08:41,100 system, reference system, figure of the moon with an accuracy on the order of 12 to 15 meters. 111 00:08:41,100 --> 00:08:44,620 That is highly gratifying to me. 112 00:08:44,620 --> 00:08:53,379 So far as the pan camera utilization is concerned there have been some map calculations done. 113 00:08:53,379 --> 00:08:59,300 The indicated precision of those is on the order of three meters which again is about 114 00:08:59,300 --> 00:09:01,300 what we had expected. 115 00:09:01,299 --> 00:09:06,339 That is a precision and not an accuracy number because of the geometric problems with the 116 00:09:06,339 --> 00:09:08,620 pan camera photography. 117 00:09:08,620 --> 00:09:13,219 However so far as the resolution of the pan camera is concerned that has held up to just 118 00:09:13,219 --> 00:09:20,259 about what we had expected from one and a half to three meters at the sub-vehicle point 119 00:09:20,259 --> 00:09:26,179 and decreasing off to about five to six meters at the limits of the film. 120 00:09:26,179 --> 00:09:34,739 So far as our indications at the moment are that the results from 16 are quite satisfactory. 121 00:09:34,739 --> 00:09:41,059 We do have these problems that we have to resolve and the processing of the film and once 122 00:09:41,059 --> 00:09:44,579 that is done we will be able to say exactly what we did obtain. 123 00:09:44,579 --> 00:09:52,059 But again I want to express the photo team's thanks to you particularly Ken for the time 124 00:09:52,059 --> 00:09:59,500 and attention that you gave to the camera operation and the results that we have obtained. 125 00:09:59,500 --> 00:10:01,500 Thanks for any questions. 126 00:10:01,500 --> 00:10:05,259 Could you have a plot of the out-temetry? 127 00:10:05,259 --> 00:10:10,299 Less time someone had drawn up a rough hands get you of the out-temetry. 128 00:10:10,299 --> 00:10:12,299 Did anyone do that this time? 129 00:10:12,299 --> 00:10:13,299 No I don't. 130 00:10:13,299 --> 00:10:19,299 I think maybe Shogun has one of those and is he here? 131 00:10:19,299 --> 00:10:20,299 Bill? 132 00:10:20,299 --> 00:10:21,299 Do you have a plot? 133 00:10:21,299 --> 00:10:22,299 Yeah I thought you had one. 134 00:10:22,299 --> 00:10:23,299 Okay. 135 00:10:23,299 --> 00:10:24,299 Particle show that. 136 00:10:24,299 --> 00:10:32,139 These are particles that you found in a mapping camera that handfolds or a couple of 137 00:10:32,139 --> 00:10:33,139 savings or... 138 00:10:33,139 --> 00:10:38,099 I don't know how extensive they were. 139 00:10:38,099 --> 00:10:45,740 They were enough to concern the people in the processing lab. 140 00:10:45,740 --> 00:10:49,219 All I know that's about all that I know about it where it's supposed to have a review of 141 00:10:49,220 --> 00:10:51,060 that this afternoon. 142 00:10:51,060 --> 00:10:56,019 It could have very serious implications obviously. 143 00:10:56,019 --> 00:11:01,540 One thing that I seem to recall from the... 144 00:11:01,540 --> 00:11:08,300 During the mission is that we had apparently more film left for post-TEI photography than 145 00:11:08,300 --> 00:11:10,540 we had anticipated. 146 00:11:10,540 --> 00:11:15,300 And what that could mean of course is that the camera was not passing film when we thought 147 00:11:15,300 --> 00:11:18,460 it was and things were being chewed up pretty badly inside. 148 00:11:18,460 --> 00:11:24,060 So we're going to have to look that over very carefully before we go ahead with the 149 00:11:24,060 --> 00:11:25,820 processing of the film. 150 00:11:25,820 --> 00:11:32,740 We expect the camera contractor to look at the shavings and tell us where he thinks they 151 00:11:32,740 --> 00:11:36,940 came from and that may give us a better clue as to what they actually are. 152 00:11:36,940 --> 00:11:38,580 Do you have a processing schedule yet? 153 00:11:38,580 --> 00:11:40,460 I guess it's all in a band to do that. 154 00:11:40,460 --> 00:11:42,740 Are they doing a hold until this afternoon? 155 00:11:42,740 --> 00:11:44,780 Yeah, after reading this afternoon? 156 00:11:44,779 --> 00:11:49,100 Assuming you determine to go ahead and develop a little take you three or four days to process? 157 00:11:49,100 --> 00:11:50,100 Yeah. 158 00:11:50,100 --> 00:11:57,740 I think the anticipated schedule was to have the original film processed within this week 159 00:11:57,740 --> 00:12:01,860 and all the duplicate copies within four weeks of the distributor. 160 00:12:01,860 --> 00:12:05,899 Perhaps you stated what is the accuracy of the ultimately? 161 00:12:05,899 --> 00:12:11,899 The least count of the altimeter is one meter. 162 00:12:11,899 --> 00:12:19,959 The accuracy is dependent pretty much upon the slope in the area which is illuminated 163 00:12:19,959 --> 00:12:26,220 and a little bit on the albedo in the area which is illuminated. 164 00:12:26,220 --> 00:12:30,620 In general I think it's fair to say that the reading that we get from the altimeter will 165 00:12:30,620 --> 00:12:35,100 be correct to within three to five meters. 166 00:12:35,100 --> 00:12:40,540 Have you figured out what to do with the panchamer for processing? 167 00:12:40,540 --> 00:12:43,420 I've got a correction for the exposure. 168 00:12:43,420 --> 00:12:45,420 For the exposure? 169 00:12:45,420 --> 00:12:47,540 I don't know what has been figured out. 170 00:12:47,540 --> 00:12:50,980 We had a group working on it last week and they're going to give us a report right after 171 00:12:50,980 --> 00:12:51,980 this meeting. 172 00:12:51,980 --> 00:12:52,980 Decide what to do. 173 00:12:52,980 --> 00:13:00,460 I can comment on whether or not it was made a recommendation for back customers and they 174 00:13:00,460 --> 00:13:07,460 think that the movie is quite lost and it is generated and we do that. 175 00:13:07,460 --> 00:13:15,740 They can handle the over-extra but at some penalty we have to be at number like and as 176 00:13:15,740 --> 00:13:22,980 well as the other users about that penalty like carrying it out in the future. 177 00:13:22,980 --> 00:13:28,900 The situation is really that near the Terminator the pictures are under exposed anyhow because 178 00:13:28,899 --> 00:13:31,819 we can't open the slick wide enough and so on. 179 00:13:31,819 --> 00:13:37,699 The camera was wide open at the Terminator but it was open wider than it should have been 180 00:13:37,699 --> 00:13:39,699 when we were away from the Terminator. 181 00:13:39,699 --> 00:13:45,139 The Terminator pictures are a little bit under exposed and they become properly exposed 182 00:13:45,139 --> 00:13:51,259 and after that they will be over exposed. 183 00:13:51,259 --> 00:13:56,259 What we would really like of course is a variable processing through each photo pass but that's 184 00:13:56,259 --> 00:14:03,860 probably not a feasible thing to even contemplate. 185 00:14:03,860 --> 00:14:06,100 Thanks Fred. 186 00:14:06,100 --> 00:14:10,659 I subject to be the particles and fields of the sub satellite and I think Jim McCoy is 187 00:14:10,659 --> 00:14:11,659 going to cover that. 188 00:14:11,659 --> 00:14:12,659 Here. 189 00:14:12,659 --> 00:14:18,659 Oh there he is. 190 00:14:18,659 --> 00:14:28,659 We got a mic right over there. 191 00:14:28,659 --> 00:14:34,659 Yeah they'll project it up there in the back booth if you want to. 192 00:14:34,659 --> 00:14:35,659 Dick? 193 00:14:35,659 --> 00:14:37,659 Where's Paul? 194 00:14:37,659 --> 00:14:44,659 Could you get this projected up there? 195 00:15:07,659 --> 00:15:14,659 Okay can you hear me okay? 196 00:15:14,659 --> 00:15:20,019 Yes quickly the sub satellite was deployed successfully. 197 00:15:20,019 --> 00:15:25,339 Our spin rate was nominal by the second spin period. 198 00:15:25,339 --> 00:15:29,299 We want 5 plus or minus a couple. 199 00:15:29,299 --> 00:15:31,299 The attitude was good. 200 00:15:31,299 --> 00:15:37,139 According to preliminary indications on the sensor we have a couple of degrees. 201 00:15:37,139 --> 00:15:42,740 We have a lot of pressure on the air conditioning which is well within the limits we needed. 202 00:15:42,740 --> 00:15:52,539 The operation of all of the electrostatic analyzers and both solid state telescopes is good. 203 00:15:52,539 --> 00:16:00,699 We don't seem to have the noise problem that we had on Apollo 15 and a couple of analyzers 204 00:16:00,700 --> 00:16:04,700 and we've got a new of our accumulator counting error that we have. 205 00:16:04,700 --> 00:16:05,700 We have a characteristic of 15. 206 00:16:05,700 --> 00:16:14,180 We've given us some problems in our data analysis now and that's satellite. 207 00:16:14,180 --> 00:16:22,540 The quick look results on our first magneto tail pass and hit it in the presence of these 208 00:16:22,539 --> 00:16:31,259 rather expected, rather high fluxes of low energy protons which have also been seen now 209 00:16:31,259 --> 00:16:38,740 with a new M series I satellite experiment too. 210 00:16:38,740 --> 00:16:46,819 And on this magneto tail pass we appear to have the remnants of a small solar event of 211 00:16:46,820 --> 00:16:54,300 the form of some high energy solar cosmic ray electrons and protons around which should 212 00:16:54,300 --> 00:17:03,940 prove interesting for our shadow interpretation particularly on electric fields in the magneto tail. 213 00:17:03,940 --> 00:17:10,380 Beyond that if they have those slides there I'd like to briefly describe some of the results 214 00:17:10,380 --> 00:17:12,380 we got from Apollo 15. 215 00:17:12,380 --> 00:17:18,740 It would hope to be similar for this one. 216 00:17:18,740 --> 00:17:28,660 Our primary experiment was to examine particle shadow configurations in the magneto tail 217 00:17:28,660 --> 00:17:35,300 that we all were passing through this region back here where we are in the Earth's magnetic 218 00:17:35,300 --> 00:17:37,460 field. 219 00:17:37,460 --> 00:17:44,940 And I'll use that to examine the question of openness and access through the magneto tail 220 00:17:44,940 --> 00:17:54,220 to the magnetic field lines and ultimately to the Van Allen belts where theory generally 221 00:17:54,220 --> 00:18:02,500 holds that all the bound radiation must somehow come in and then be trapped and accelerate. 222 00:18:02,500 --> 00:18:08,460 The degree of connection back here with the interplanetary field has been quite a bit 223 00:18:08,460 --> 00:18:16,140 of question and briefly stated the Apollo 15 results indicate pretty clearly that at 224 00:18:16,140 --> 00:18:23,059 least most of the time at the latitudes where we pass through the tail of course we only 225 00:18:23,059 --> 00:18:32,019 have a couple of passes that these field lines are in fact open out here connect directly 226 00:18:32,019 --> 00:18:41,819 into the interplanetary field and have direct access of solar calciferate particles. 227 00:18:41,819 --> 00:18:50,259 We have also observed the existence of a plasma sheet which is known to form in closer 228 00:18:50,259 --> 00:18:56,500 to the Earth to extend out to the moon in the distance. 229 00:18:56,500 --> 00:19:04,980 And these couple of occasions we have observed across tail electric fields which are important 230 00:19:04,980 --> 00:19:15,619 to theoretical models accounting for aurora and for acceleration particles into the radiation 231 00:19:15,619 --> 00:19:17,619 belts. 232 00:19:17,619 --> 00:19:28,459 An unexpected observation which we found interesting was 30 KED or thereabouts protons in very 233 00:19:28,459 --> 00:19:34,899 large numbers which we observe quite frequently back in the magneto tail and also the observed 234 00:19:34,899 --> 00:19:39,339 outside magneto tail in very similar complexes. 235 00:19:39,339 --> 00:19:49,019 Our first feeling was that these must also be some component of the solar calciferate 236 00:19:49,019 --> 00:19:50,539 proton spectrum. 237 00:19:50,539 --> 00:19:59,939 There of course very low energy would be stopped by even the thinnest piece of material 238 00:19:59,939 --> 00:20:08,259 but the numbers of them and the consistency of their flux densities make them very attractive 239 00:20:08,259 --> 00:20:15,500 as probably being indicative of the source that they come from and the mechanism bring 240 00:20:15,500 --> 00:20:16,500 them. 241 00:20:16,500 --> 00:20:24,779 Further examination however of the locations where we see them and of the almost constant 242 00:20:24,779 --> 00:20:33,019 intensities that we see almost force us to the conclusions that they must somehow be 243 00:20:33,019 --> 00:20:42,539 protons from the outer Van Allen belt region here which are somehow coming loose from 244 00:20:42,539 --> 00:20:50,779 the Earth's field and moving outward and then getting onto the interplanetary fields 245 00:20:50,779 --> 00:21:00,900 and moving out to where we see them and perhaps at an inverse process of the postulated process 246 00:21:00,900 --> 00:21:06,940 where we bring solar calciferate particles in from the Sun to populate the Van Allen belts 247 00:21:06,940 --> 00:21:08,740 initially. 248 00:21:08,740 --> 00:21:16,540 We're anxiously awaiting getting our data and now our computer program that burply 249 00:21:16,540 --> 00:21:24,820 in shape where we can examine this in detail and unfortunately been laid in that. 250 00:21:24,819 --> 00:21:33,299 If I have the next slide I'll show you one orbit of data from the telescopes when these 251 00:21:33,299 --> 00:21:41,700 very steady fluxes of protons were present and during this period and actually for a period 252 00:21:41,700 --> 00:21:48,220 of a couple of orbits earlier these fluxes were almost constant. 253 00:21:48,220 --> 00:21:56,420 There is some changing here there is a very slight shadowing of protons not very much 254 00:21:56,420 --> 00:22:03,539 at all this is motion electron phenomena but then these particles essentially turn off 255 00:22:03,539 --> 00:22:10,140 as though somebody closed the valve and this is characteristic of the way they behave. 256 00:22:10,140 --> 00:22:18,820 They appear they're suddenly there and when they disappear they're gone just as fast 257 00:22:18,820 --> 00:22:26,900 and we're very hopeful that we'll be able to make some sense out of what turns these 258 00:22:26,900 --> 00:22:35,220 things on and off and determine where they're coming from and what the mechanism is and 259 00:22:35,220 --> 00:22:42,220 presumably now in the magnetosphere. 260 00:22:42,220 --> 00:22:50,220 Okay I think I'll just throw it open to any questions now. 261 00:22:50,220 --> 00:22:53,220 Okay. 262 00:22:53,220 --> 00:23:00,579 I wish you hadn't brought that up to get that for us. 263 00:23:00,579 --> 00:23:05,859 We had been very hopeful of getting another dozen or a couple dozen of my geochale passes 264 00:23:05,859 --> 00:23:12,179 out of this satellite since it worked so beautifully. 265 00:23:12,179 --> 00:23:13,980 I think we're going to cover that. 266 00:23:13,980 --> 00:23:23,779 Chris said it was going to stay up there forever so it better. 267 00:23:23,779 --> 00:23:27,779 The world's going to come to an end pretty shortly I'll be right. 268 00:23:27,779 --> 00:23:31,779 Any other questions about particles and fields? 269 00:23:31,779 --> 00:23:34,779 Okay let's continue on with some satellite and get on the planet. 270 00:23:34,779 --> 00:23:39,379 We didn't say anything about it I assume that our satellite is sending out good data. 271 00:23:39,379 --> 00:23:42,539 Is it better than charging okay and everything? 272 00:23:42,539 --> 00:23:52,660 It's not running into the problem of the 15 guys hand or was that normal for the machine 273 00:23:52,660 --> 00:23:53,660 is working. 274 00:23:53,660 --> 00:23:58,660 All the detectors are operating. 275 00:23:58,660 --> 00:24:00,660 It's just that it's going to short lifetime. 276 00:24:00,660 --> 00:24:07,660 Okay let's see I think Larry Sharpe is going to take a cold place right? 277 00:24:07,660 --> 00:24:08,660 Okay. 278 00:24:08,660 --> 00:24:13,660 The objectives of the magnetometer experiment are essentially three-fold. 279 00:24:13,660 --> 00:24:18,660 First is to measure the magnitude of the magnetism on the lunar surface. 280 00:24:18,660 --> 00:24:21,660 Second is to map the electrical conductivity of the lunar interior. 281 00:24:21,660 --> 00:24:27,660 You're finally studying the various aspects of moon interaction with the fields of particles 282 00:24:27,660 --> 00:24:29,660 in this environment. 283 00:24:29,660 --> 00:24:34,660 The Y-scope that the objectives make possible by the geometry of the orbit is that passes 284 00:24:34,660 --> 00:24:37,660 through three fundamentally different regions of space. 285 00:24:37,660 --> 00:24:43,660 For example to get the spatial variations of the magnetic magnetism on the lunar surface 286 00:24:43,660 --> 00:24:50,660 one must be in the geomagnetic tail where the temporal variations are almost absent in the 287 00:24:50,660 --> 00:24:51,660 magnetic field. 288 00:24:51,660 --> 00:24:54,660 Very steady situation. 289 00:24:54,660 --> 00:25:02,160 The initial orbit of the sub satellite was somewhat lower than a power 15 in the inclination 290 00:25:02,160 --> 00:25:04,660 by 11 degrees instead of 28. 291 00:25:04,660 --> 00:25:09,660 I'd like to show you the predictions. 292 00:25:10,660 --> 00:25:16,400 Can you hear it,BBE. 293 00:25:16,400 --> 00:25:17,900 new backHow Jack Backset. 294 00:25:17,900 --> 00:25:18,900 Back to that. 295 00:25:18,900 --> 00:25:19,900 Back to that. 296 00:25:19,900 --> 00:25:20,900 Back to that. 297 00:25:20,900 --> 00:25:21,900 Okay. 298 00:25:21,900 --> 00:25:27,900 We've plotted days past deployment versus the parallel and altitude. 299 00:25:27,900 --> 00:25:28,900 Okay. 300 00:25:28,900 --> 00:25:31,900 We started out here in pretty good shape. 301 00:25:31,900 --> 00:25:32,900 About 90%. 302 00:25:32,900 --> 00:25:39,900 About 97 kilometers or 97 by 123 I guess. 303 00:25:39,900 --> 00:25:44,900 And the prediction was a very rapid drop down to 30 some. 304 00:25:44,900 --> 00:25:46,900 Back up in good shape. 305 00:25:46,900 --> 00:25:51,900 No real trouble until it was the ground level. 306 00:25:51,900 --> 00:25:55,900 And then we went back to the ground level. 307 00:25:55,900 --> 00:25:59,900 And then we went back to the ground level. 308 00:25:59,900 --> 00:26:03,900 Until the ground line. 309 00:26:03,900 --> 00:26:08,900 Tell about 200 days when the probability was 50, 50 of a crash. 310 00:26:08,900 --> 00:26:10,900 You're the air bars here. 311 00:26:10,900 --> 00:26:13,900 You can say the probability was maybe one chance and 10 of a crash here. 312 00:26:13,900 --> 00:26:15,900 And maybe one chance and 5. 313 00:26:15,900 --> 00:26:25,900 We've updated this plot. 314 00:26:25,900 --> 00:26:27,900 Whoops. 315 00:26:27,900 --> 00:26:32,900 And the odds have changed considerably. 316 00:26:32,900 --> 00:26:33,900 This was the prediction. 317 00:26:33,900 --> 00:26:37,900 Notice the time scale has been expanded greatly. 318 00:26:37,900 --> 00:26:40,900 These are hours now instead of days. 319 00:26:40,900 --> 00:26:47,900 Here was the initial prediction at 37 kilometers in here. 320 00:26:47,900 --> 00:26:49,900 The actual data points. 321 00:26:49,900 --> 00:26:52,900 This one was taken this morning around in here. 322 00:26:52,900 --> 00:26:57,900 And if you can extrapolate by eye, it looks like we have about four days left. 323 00:26:57,900 --> 00:27:00,900 I guess Bill Sorgren's taking 50, 50 odds. 324 00:27:00,900 --> 00:27:02,900 It will crash if anyone's in the bank. 325 00:27:02,900 --> 00:27:06,900 It's possible that we'll skim the surface and come back out. 326 00:27:06,900 --> 00:27:12,900 Even if we make it through this one, that next dip is going to probably finish us off. 327 00:27:12,900 --> 00:27:13,900 Which is most unfortunate. 328 00:27:13,900 --> 00:27:17,900 It might be out of your field, but I'll come our prediction. 329 00:27:17,900 --> 00:27:20,900 Didn't match the actual. 330 00:27:20,900 --> 00:27:23,900 I mean, we... 331 00:27:23,900 --> 00:27:24,900 You got to tell me. 332 00:27:24,900 --> 00:27:25,900 We have a gravity experiment. 333 00:27:25,900 --> 00:27:27,900 We don't know the gravity field that well. 334 00:27:27,900 --> 00:27:31,900 And that's the business of this satellite. 335 00:27:31,900 --> 00:27:33,900 And actually, to come and grab it. 336 00:27:33,900 --> 00:27:34,900 You're at the gravity. 337 00:27:34,900 --> 00:27:36,900 Right. 338 00:27:36,900 --> 00:27:37,900 Okay. 339 00:27:37,900 --> 00:27:41,900 And we're going to screen like that about these paths. 340 00:27:41,900 --> 00:27:43,900 And I'll go along after the MSC. 341 00:27:43,900 --> 00:27:46,900 Try to drive that point home too many times. 342 00:27:46,900 --> 00:27:49,900 I think we're really seeing it coming. 343 00:27:49,900 --> 00:27:51,900 Just goes to show you. 344 00:27:51,900 --> 00:27:56,900 You can't reduce six months of planning in two days. 345 00:27:56,900 --> 00:28:00,900 Well, any event we have one month's worth of good data, 346 00:28:00,900 --> 00:28:03,900 which we'll add to our panel of 15 results. 347 00:28:03,900 --> 00:28:06,900 And to get some idea of what we're doing with this data, 348 00:28:06,900 --> 00:28:14,900 I'd like to show the first slide, which represents an average of 17 different orbits, 349 00:28:15,900 --> 00:28:19,900 taken when the moon was in the Earth's magnetotail. 350 00:28:19,900 --> 00:28:24,900 And we've plotted Moon's longitude along the horizontal. 351 00:28:24,900 --> 00:28:29,900 And the magnetic field in gammas along the vertical. 352 00:28:29,900 --> 00:28:32,900 These numbers are representative of the Earth's tail field. 353 00:28:32,900 --> 00:28:35,900 And of course, if you subtract out an average value, 354 00:28:35,900 --> 00:28:40,900 this residual would represent the lunar surface field. 355 00:28:40,900 --> 00:28:48,900 And of course, the big result is this really huge magnetic dip going over the Vonnegraf crater, 356 00:28:48,900 --> 00:28:51,900 or region right near the Vonnegraf crater. 357 00:28:51,900 --> 00:28:57,900 Also, the other initial result we got out of 15 data was that most of the dips in the magnetic field 358 00:28:57,900 --> 00:29:00,900 seemed to be clearly associated with craters, 359 00:29:00,900 --> 00:29:05,900 lined within a few degrees of the ground track defined by the orbit of the sub satellite. 360 00:29:05,900 --> 00:29:10,900 We've numbered the seven most obvious local minimum, 361 00:29:10,900 --> 00:29:13,900 and named five of them with associated craters. 362 00:29:13,900 --> 00:29:18,900 Initial results from Apollo 16 show the same type of structure, 363 00:29:18,900 --> 00:29:20,900 although we don't see anything as big as Vonnegraf. 364 00:29:20,900 --> 00:29:22,900 We do go over Coralov again. 365 00:29:22,900 --> 00:29:25,900 That's where the orbits intersect when we're in the tail. 366 00:29:25,900 --> 00:29:31,900 And we see a few other Hertzbrung and Pavlov type bumps. 367 00:29:32,900 --> 00:29:36,900 One is with a little tiny crater called Stein, 368 00:29:36,900 --> 00:29:39,900 and one near Mendelov. 369 00:29:39,900 --> 00:29:43,900 If you repeat this procedure several times with different Lunations, 370 00:29:43,900 --> 00:29:46,900 so you cover different tracks over the moon, 371 00:29:46,900 --> 00:29:49,900 and this allows a contour map to be made. 372 00:29:49,900 --> 00:29:52,900 So if I go to the next slide, 373 00:29:52,900 --> 00:29:58,900 those are the ground track from where we found the anomaly. 374 00:29:59,900 --> 00:30:02,900 Here's one over Hertzbrung, Coralov. 375 00:30:02,900 --> 00:30:03,900 Here's Vannegraf. 376 00:30:03,900 --> 00:30:08,900 You can see right close to the northern border, Pavlov, and one over Mill. 377 00:30:08,900 --> 00:30:14,900 Those are pretty good one-to-one correspondence with large craters. 378 00:30:14,900 --> 00:30:19,900 The initial 11 orbit, of course, is much near the equator. 379 00:30:19,900 --> 00:30:22,900 The inclination goes up to plus and minus 11. 380 00:30:22,900 --> 00:30:25,900 So we saw one over Coralov, 381 00:30:25,900 --> 00:30:28,900 and Stein crater is located right about here. 382 00:30:28,900 --> 00:30:32,900 The next map shows a compilation of a lot of these linear profiles 383 00:30:32,900 --> 00:30:36,900 next to a contour map. 384 00:30:36,900 --> 00:30:40,900 It's a little hard to read the contours. 385 00:30:40,900 --> 00:30:46,900 You can see this big black blotch here is a result of contours stacked 386 00:30:46,900 --> 00:30:50,900 on top of each other near this Vannegraf anomaly. 387 00:30:50,900 --> 00:30:54,900 You can see the numbers are hard to make out. 388 00:30:54,900 --> 00:31:00,900 You can see the structure over Coralov, a hint of some structure over Hertzbrung. 389 00:31:00,900 --> 00:31:06,900 And the southern sea over here is actually an enhancement sticking out of the moon, so to speak. 390 00:31:06,900 --> 00:31:09,900 You can see milling shows a definite structure. 391 00:31:09,900 --> 00:31:14,900 The Pavlov 16 results, should name us to expand this map, 392 00:31:14,900 --> 00:31:17,900 we'll get better resolutions throughout this area, 393 00:31:17,900 --> 00:31:19,900 and be able to extend it along and here. 394 00:31:19,900 --> 00:31:22,900 We'll probably still have a gap down in this region. 395 00:31:22,900 --> 00:31:25,900 I already can do some idea of gradient. 396 00:31:25,900 --> 00:31:28,900 Oh yes. 397 00:31:28,900 --> 00:31:31,900 The numbers presented in the chart, if you can see them, 398 00:31:31,900 --> 00:31:36,900 are measured in tenths of gamma at an altitude of 100 kilometers. 399 00:31:36,900 --> 00:31:40,900 So for example, a good representative value is about 30, 400 00:31:40,900 --> 00:31:44,900 and the zero we've arbitrarily chosen at the bottom of the Vannegraf dip, 401 00:31:44,900 --> 00:31:48,900 since this is the lowest value of magnetism we observe. 402 00:31:48,900 --> 00:31:51,900 We just called it zero and scale everything relative to it. 403 00:31:51,900 --> 00:31:59,900 So if you're at 100 kilometers, you'll see a three-gamma dip going over Vannegraf on the average. 404 00:31:59,900 --> 00:32:01,900 Oh, we were fortunate. 405 00:32:01,900 --> 00:32:03,900 Also the near side of the moon. 406 00:32:03,900 --> 00:32:07,900 Does the gravity profile, can you correlate? 407 00:32:07,900 --> 00:32:13,900 I've looked at the gravity profile and it doesn't seem to correlate at all. 408 00:32:13,900 --> 00:32:16,900 Actually the laser data correlates better with... 409 00:32:16,900 --> 00:32:19,900 There's no gravity in the backside, on the front side. 410 00:32:19,900 --> 00:32:22,900 I understand. 411 00:32:22,900 --> 00:32:27,900 The correlates pretty well with the laser data, which shows great big hole here in the backside of the moon around Vannegraf. 412 00:32:27,900 --> 00:32:33,900 That's where we get our big hole, but I can't see any scientific justification for connecting the two results. 413 00:32:33,900 --> 00:32:36,900 I will have the reminder of the gamma rate. 414 00:32:36,900 --> 00:32:37,900 Yes, that's the second. 415 00:32:37,900 --> 00:32:39,900 The second thing is also a band of graph. 416 00:32:39,900 --> 00:32:40,900 I don't know what it means. 417 00:32:40,900 --> 00:32:43,900 It could be nailing star base or something. 418 00:32:43,900 --> 00:32:48,900 The next slide shows the front side of the moon. 419 00:32:48,900 --> 00:32:52,900 And it's upside down. 420 00:32:52,900 --> 00:32:55,900 The thing to contrast is the much smoother nature. 421 00:32:55,900 --> 00:32:59,900 Could we do a 180 on the slide, please? 422 00:33:05,900 --> 00:33:06,900 Can you hear me? 423 00:33:06,900 --> 00:33:10,900 Could we turn the slide around, please? 424 00:33:10,900 --> 00:33:13,900 I always have a coffee break. 425 00:33:13,900 --> 00:33:18,900 Anyway, the front side of the moon is much, much smoother than the backside. 426 00:33:18,900 --> 00:33:23,900 The variations are, oh, in order of a factor of 10, smooth. 427 00:33:23,900 --> 00:33:25,900 We don't see very much structure at all. 428 00:33:25,900 --> 00:33:28,900 It's very hard to even draw contours. 429 00:33:28,900 --> 00:33:42,900 Can you sort out the differences in that and the effects of running through the earth's magnetic field effects? 430 00:33:42,900 --> 00:33:49,900 Since the front side is always close to the earth, can you sort out? 431 00:33:49,900 --> 00:33:57,900 Are we really measuring magnetic variations on the backside caused by being on the backside not due to our measuring environment? 432 00:33:57,900 --> 00:34:04,900 There is tail shields, very, very constant when you're in the good second, when you're away from the neutral sheet. 433 00:34:04,900 --> 00:34:07,900 And that's where all this data is taken. 434 00:34:07,900 --> 00:34:11,900 Well, I guess we never got the front slide complete. 435 00:34:11,900 --> 00:34:19,900 Okay, this is a blow-up of the vandegraph region, an attempt at pinpoint the exact source of this large anomaly. 436 00:34:19,900 --> 00:34:24,900 We kind of suspected it was over the crater itself. 437 00:34:24,900 --> 00:34:33,900 Since we had always put forth a theory that what we were actually observing in these dips was some sort of a meteorite impact that caused a rather uniforming magnetized crust. 438 00:34:33,900 --> 00:34:39,900 There certainly had holes in it and we're seeing the equivalent dipole of what was left over. 439 00:34:39,900 --> 00:34:41,900 And this kind of shoots holes in the theory. 440 00:34:41,900 --> 00:34:49,900 You see this is the BX component, which is the radial component, and a plus number indicates a value sticking in the moon. 441 00:34:49,900 --> 00:34:57,900 So you see this rather large hole here magnetically in between two craters. 442 00:34:57,900 --> 00:35:04,900 And if you look at various models of double dipoles and stuff, it just doesn't quite fit. 443 00:35:04,900 --> 00:35:13,900 The other components, B sub Y and B sub Z, show that it can't be one of these angling dipoles from the crater. 444 00:35:13,900 --> 00:35:18,900 Presently, we're now conducting the same sort of studies over the rest of the anomalies to see if it checks out. 445 00:35:18,900 --> 00:35:33,900 I've just just yesterday completed the one over Corlev, and that one is right in the middle of the crater, which is promising for the Shaky magnetization theory. 446 00:35:33,900 --> 00:35:44,900 How much validity? How much validity do we have in the femurs? 447 00:35:44,900 --> 00:35:48,900 I understand there's no chance that we could be off by... 448 00:35:48,900 --> 00:35:51,900 I think I'm off by a kilometer or two. 449 00:35:51,900 --> 00:35:56,900 But not your talking about the finding of beads there. 450 00:35:56,900 --> 00:36:01,900 So it doesn't seem much chance. 451 00:36:01,900 --> 00:36:04,900 We'll get maybe one more. 452 00:36:04,900 --> 00:36:07,900 This is the sub satellite comes crashing down in the moon. 453 00:36:07,900 --> 00:36:14,900 The last ten kilometers should give us a good swath of data, which will give us another high resolution plot like this. 454 00:36:15,900 --> 00:36:20,900 Other than that, we're kind of lucky. 455 00:36:20,900 --> 00:36:22,900 Okay. 456 00:36:22,900 --> 00:36:24,900 Thank you. 457 00:36:24,900 --> 00:36:26,900 Question? 458 00:36:26,900 --> 00:36:29,900 Okay. 459 00:36:29,900 --> 00:36:31,900 There's the front side of the moon. 460 00:36:31,900 --> 00:36:35,900 Okay, and our coverage from Apollo 11 will extend. 461 00:36:35,900 --> 00:36:41,900 I believe there's a equated crust here. 462 00:36:41,900 --> 00:36:44,900 Oh, I'm sorry. Okay. This is zero degrees. 463 00:36:44,900 --> 00:36:48,900 Okay. I'm going from zero to 90 east to 90 west, the terminator. 464 00:36:48,900 --> 00:36:54,900 This is a sudden sea region, which is about the only distinctive feature in the front side per se, and even that's on the terminator. 465 00:36:54,900 --> 00:36:59,900 And again, these are relatively high values of magnetic fields sticking out of the moon. 466 00:36:59,900 --> 00:37:04,900 So you might say that the sudden sea is a highly magnetized region. 467 00:37:05,900 --> 00:37:11,900 Notice the 16-side is out of our coverage as we're all the Apollo landing sites. 468 00:37:11,900 --> 00:37:18,900 We have about three gamma films on the backside of whatever it is to the front side. 469 00:37:18,900 --> 00:37:25,900 Well, most of these values are about 30, 28, 27, which means they're all three gamma higher than zero at Vendigrath. 470 00:37:25,900 --> 00:37:31,900 So I would say the maximum plus or minus is about a half a gamma on the whole front side. 471 00:37:31,900 --> 00:37:36,900 What do you or not, these do long-eared parable over the track? 472 00:37:36,900 --> 00:37:40,900 This is a function of not having quite enough data. 473 00:37:40,900 --> 00:37:45,900 Instead of making physical looking contours, we drew actual contours with the data. 474 00:37:45,900 --> 00:37:51,900 And obviously, if there's a little bit of offset from one orbit to the next, it's going to result in elongated contours. 475 00:37:51,900 --> 00:37:58,900 If we fix this up, we're in Mateson intelligent looking guesses, they would be much more circular. 476 00:37:59,900 --> 00:38:06,900 Do you have a danger on the Apollo 12 and the 15 and 16 surface of that data? 477 00:38:06,900 --> 00:38:09,900 Yes, with 12, 14, 15. 478 00:38:09,900 --> 00:38:13,900 So how do you decouple with the differential data? 479 00:38:13,900 --> 00:38:19,900 Well, you see the surface data is deals with much smaller scales, size, phenomena. 480 00:38:19,900 --> 00:38:22,900 And so there's really no one-to-one correlation. 481 00:38:23,900 --> 00:38:39,900 Well, I'll think it'd be sure that over a region of 100 kilometers of the average field was 38 gamma, which no one would bet on. 482 00:38:39,900 --> 00:38:44,900 Then we could make some interesting predictions about other places on the moon. 483 00:38:44,900 --> 00:38:51,900 But I suspect if you went down to Apollo 12 and went 100 meters away, you'd find a much different value of the magnetic field. 484 00:38:51,900 --> 00:38:53,900 We noticed that, look at Apollo 14. 485 00:38:53,900 --> 00:38:57,900 They went one kilometer and they went from 43 gamma to 103 gamma. 486 00:38:57,900 --> 00:39:04,900 So who's to say what's a representative value for the magnetic field in the given area? 487 00:39:04,900 --> 00:39:11,900 Apollo 15, the steady field of 6 plus or minus 4 gamma, which is essentially 0. 488 00:39:11,900 --> 00:39:18,900 But there again, behind the next polar, it would be 100 gamma, probably no. 489 00:39:18,900 --> 00:39:21,900 And the results in 16, I thought were tremendous. 490 00:39:21,900 --> 00:39:23,900 The greatest they got between one place and another. 491 00:39:23,900 --> 00:39:33,900 At 313 gamma field, really surprised me as far as getting value of that large. 492 00:39:33,900 --> 00:39:35,900 Yes, listen to that. 493 00:39:35,900 --> 00:39:41,900 I think the steeper the features about the magnetic field, the current, which might make these changes, 494 00:39:41,900 --> 00:39:45,900 but it was a hot spot in the beam. 495 00:39:45,900 --> 00:39:55,900 And you said, you know, near the surface, and the beam, the nice surface, the soil kind of, which changes, it says temperature. 496 00:39:55,900 --> 00:39:59,900 And that point, which was n-chain, I think. 497 00:39:59,900 --> 00:40:03,900 No, I'm not a, not a geologist tape. 498 00:40:03,900 --> 00:40:06,900 I don't know why I already know that. 499 00:40:06,900 --> 00:40:09,900 That's the question. 500 00:40:09,900 --> 00:40:12,900 Is that the change? 501 00:40:12,900 --> 00:40:23,900 It seems to me that the younger a crater was, the more chance it would have to produce a good, clean cut signature on the magnetic field data. 502 00:40:23,900 --> 00:40:30,900 I mean, for example, vantigraph itself looked like a fairly young crater because there's no, there's very few secondary craters in the bottom of it. 503 00:40:30,900 --> 00:40:39,900 It's fairly young, whereas things like Kurtzbrunn seem to be very old, or well-blushed with secondary craters. 504 00:40:39,900 --> 00:40:42,900 What is it? 505 00:40:42,900 --> 00:40:45,900 It's a matter of vantigraph, it's a center of the holiday. 506 00:40:45,900 --> 00:40:48,900 It's 80 kilometers from the northern rim. 507 00:40:48,900 --> 00:40:54,900 So from the center of vantigraph, it's about 130, 140 kilometers. 508 00:40:54,900 --> 00:40:59,900 Any other questions? 509 00:40:59,900 --> 00:41:02,900 Thank you, Larry. 510 00:41:02,900 --> 00:41:04,900 Any other questions? 511 00:41:04,900 --> 00:41:07,900 Last subject will be the transponder. 512 00:41:07,900 --> 00:41:10,900 Feel so good? 513 00:41:29,900 --> 00:41:49,900 This is a gravity experiment, and we monitor the gravity by just monitoring the velocity of the spacecraft or the lamb or the subsan light. 514 00:41:49,900 --> 00:41:56,900 Of course, on this particular mission, we lost our limb data on impact because it started cumbling. 515 00:41:56,900 --> 00:42:06,900 That data was lost. We do have ever have the CSM in the low altitude, or which is very interesting data. 516 00:42:27,900 --> 00:42:33,900 Here's the orbital track, and hopefully I can get this aligned. 517 00:42:33,900 --> 00:42:36,900 Not like that. 518 00:42:36,900 --> 00:42:43,900 This profile just below it is the gravity anomaly that was detected. 519 00:42:43,900 --> 00:42:55,900 This line right here represents zero gravity-centric, isostatic equilibrium, and anything below it, of course, I'd be negative gravity deviations. 520 00:42:56,900 --> 00:43:07,900 Here we are at Kalameas, essentially over the center of the track, and we can see the large negative anomaly, and almost 100mg. 521 00:43:07,900 --> 00:43:12,900 Here we see some highland material where we have a positive. 522 00:43:12,900 --> 00:43:22,900 Then we can drop down into a relative low between these two old craters of Parkinsonel vantigneus, and then a high in here. 523 00:43:22,900 --> 00:43:31,900 At this point is the day-card landing site, and we're actually in about a 50mg-al negative anomaly in that region. 524 00:43:31,900 --> 00:43:38,900 There's some nice correlations here with the laser-altymatory measurements. I'll show them in the next profile. 525 00:43:38,900 --> 00:43:51,900 But this is continuous. I've just taken one small section here. We have this thing from limb to limb, so about 110 longitude plus to 110-minus. 526 00:43:52,900 --> 00:44:08,900 Essentially, three revs and revs, three through rev 11, eight revs of data that were pretty good, and then they started their station keeping, and I did it kind of got gravity-stuffed a lot. 527 00:44:08,900 --> 00:44:14,900 All of the new things going on. 528 00:44:14,900 --> 00:44:23,900 I don't even plan out one kind of interesting thing here. Notice that the Tallah-Mais here has an anomaly much lower than Nubium, 529 00:44:23,900 --> 00:44:32,900 although Nubium, which is this region right in here, this Mara Nubium right in here, is still about minus 50mg. 530 00:44:33,900 --> 00:44:44,900 Here's an altimeter profile. 531 00:44:44,900 --> 00:44:58,900 Going right to the Nubium Tallah-Mais region, again, we see that Nubium elevation here is some, by the way, the scale here is two kilometers per heavy line. 532 00:44:58,900 --> 00:45:15,900 So we've dropped down here almost two kilometers from the floor of Tallah-Mais to the floor of Nubium, yet the gravity anomaly is just the opposite to Tallah-Mais is some 50mg of lower than the Nubium region. 533 00:45:15,900 --> 00:45:24,900 Another interesting point is, Fred, on these ACIC maps, Nubium is showing a kilometer higher than Tallah-Mais. 534 00:45:24,900 --> 00:45:31,900 And here we are, two kilometers lower. So we're talking about three kilometers crepancy in just that little area right there. 535 00:45:31,900 --> 00:45:37,900 So I think some of these guys were talking about the right thing when they said we really didn't know the altitudes too well. 536 00:45:37,900 --> 00:45:52,900 I think that shows up quite dramatically when you look at the low sun angle view as you approach the terminator, the things that were in Nubium didn't show up until significantly after we anticipated. 537 00:45:52,900 --> 00:45:59,900 We missed our times on those things a great deal, and I could only be called by having a discrepancy in our relative heights. 538 00:45:59,900 --> 00:46:13,900 Yeah, this is not just, this is Rev 28. We've looked at, there are five real good tracking, laser tracking passes over this region, and we've looked at three of them, and all three show the same consistency of the drop there. 539 00:46:13,900 --> 00:46:20,900 Another interesting thing here, Prokolarum, Tranquilotatus, Frikundatatus are all, it seems to be about on the same level. 540 00:46:20,900 --> 00:46:27,900 Smithy, I, again, being low about four and a half kilometers, that was the same thing on Apollo 15 when we passed over it. 541 00:46:27,900 --> 00:46:31,900 It was some four and a half kilometers below as mean radius here. 542 00:46:31,900 --> 00:46:40,900 And we're still referencing this to a 1738, well, .1 radius, off the CG. 543 00:46:40,900 --> 00:46:56,900 If you take this stuff and start fitting it to an optical center with a CG offset, that you do indeed get the two kilometers shift again of the CG being closer to the Earth by some two kilometers. 544 00:46:56,900 --> 00:47:02,900 Let's say that Tranquilotatus is about two and a half kilometers lower than the car. 545 00:47:02,900 --> 00:47:05,900 That's right. Yeah, here's the landing site right in here. 546 00:47:05,900 --> 00:47:17,900 And this is, we had a negative gravity anomaly in here. Well, kind of according to this, maybe that's the situation, because it looks like a topographic low. 547 00:47:17,900 --> 00:47:27,900 Yeah. 548 00:47:27,900 --> 00:47:32,900 This is the backside. We had some, these are the limbs where the data was missing. 549 00:47:32,900 --> 00:47:38,900 These are taken from those, this data is taken from that thrip printout that we get in real time. And there's gaps in the data. 550 00:47:38,900 --> 00:47:43,900 These will be filled in once they get the station tapes delivered. 551 00:47:43,900 --> 00:47:48,900 But we can see the crater hertzbron here very evidently with the central peak or something in it. 552 00:47:48,900 --> 00:47:54,900 You don't have any data in that hundred and twenty degree region. 553 00:47:54,900 --> 00:47:59,900 Not now. We should have next week or so. I'm going to get the tapes here. 554 00:47:59,900 --> 00:48:12,900 One of the things that, well, on Apollo 15, there was a definite, well, centered about 180, there was a definite big trough in here. 555 00:48:12,900 --> 00:48:17,900 We went down about some four and a half kilometers. It was very jagged. 556 00:48:17,900 --> 00:48:22,900 But it was centered just about here. And Apollo 16, now we do not really see that. 557 00:48:22,900 --> 00:48:33,900 We see this highly material here, which we had on 16. That's, that started about in here and showed a marked high region in there. 558 00:48:33,900 --> 00:48:43,900 And this is holding on 16 also. So this is kind of consistent with 15. 559 00:48:43,900 --> 00:48:52,900 Here's another, this is orbit 38 on the backside. I'll just kind of lay it there to show you some of the consistency. 560 00:48:52,900 --> 00:49:01,900 This is 10 orbits later. And the profile is almost there. Smith the eye and, oh, here we have some data in that. 561 00:49:01,900 --> 00:49:07,900 So there's some very few data. Okay. I don't know. Are you looking for some particular? 562 00:49:07,900 --> 00:49:18,900 Yeah. I'm looking for something around the hundred and five hundred and five. 563 00:49:18,900 --> 00:49:20,900 And probably be a particular. 564 00:49:20,900 --> 00:49:30,900 Okay. I do have some data on the sub satellite from Apollo 15, but I don't know if that's the time to really show here. 565 00:49:30,900 --> 00:49:32,900 I think I've shown enough stuff on 16. 566 00:49:32,900 --> 00:49:39,900 Yeah. Well, I like to stick to 16. Any of the new problems we have or any of the data that we got for the crew? 567 00:49:39,900 --> 00:49:49,900 Well, I'm very happy with all the data we've gotten on 16. And the sub satellite on 16, like Larry mentioned just before me. 568 00:49:49,900 --> 00:50:06,900 It's pretty grand, although there was, there wasn't no D solution just run out about an hour ago where the last state vector was used as the position for running out the lifetime program. 569 00:50:06,900 --> 00:50:16,900 And the lifetime program, if we believe that 15 eight model that we use initially back there when we injected that thing says that this thing should come back up. 570 00:50:16,900 --> 00:50:23,900 Still says it's not going to crack. But this will be a very interesting thing to watch the next couple days. 571 00:50:23,900 --> 00:50:26,900 That's right. That's right. 572 00:50:26,900 --> 00:50:30,900 Well, it's just. 573 00:50:30,900 --> 00:50:34,900 I asked a cookmatch about that. And I don't know where he can speak for later. 574 00:50:34,900 --> 00:50:40,900 I'm not, but I told him it's 50 pounds and where they can actually see an impact of 50 pounds. 575 00:50:40,900 --> 00:50:43,900 I think that's all it weighs. 576 00:50:43,900 --> 00:50:48,900 The central station. 577 00:50:48,900 --> 00:50:55,900 Let's see. It should hit about maybe some 20 or 30 degrees west line to two then. 578 00:50:55,900 --> 00:50:59,900 5 or 6 degrees north. That right there. Something like that. 579 00:50:59,900 --> 00:51:10,900 But 5 or 6 north latitude and about 30 west. That's what it looks like. That linear extrapolation. 580 00:51:10,900 --> 00:51:16,900 Thank you, Bill. Thank you, gentlemen, for attending. This concludes our scientific debrief. 581 00:51:16,900 --> 00:51:23,900 And I'd like to thank the crew for giving their time up to come on over to give us some information and also learn some things that would happen. 582 00:51:23,900 --> 00:51:26,900 Okay. Let me say something for the crew. 583 00:51:26,900 --> 00:51:31,900 I want to commend Ken for the way that he operated the Symbay. 584 00:51:31,900 --> 00:51:39,900 I don't think you'll ever find a guy who's either more interested in it or more aware of what the operational problems were and who could do a better job. 585 00:51:39,900 --> 00:51:44,900 He really did an outstanding job and I think he's well done. 586 00:51:44,900 --> 00:51:56,900 The other thing I'd like to say is since I've been on this program, I've been continually impressed with the importance of what we're doing in our support of you guys. 587 00:51:56,900 --> 00:52:04,900 These experiments, they look way out right now and they're difficult for the man in the street to relate to. 588 00:52:04,900 --> 00:52:22,900 My feeling is from some of the things I've seen here and from the thrust of science and technology in this country that in our lifetime and I won't want to say when but I imagine it's going to be a damn sight sooner than anybody even here in this room can imagine. 589 00:52:22,900 --> 00:52:28,900 There are going to be practical applications of some of these discoveries that have been made that will affect every one of us. 590 00:52:28,900 --> 00:52:40,900 I think you're going to be congratulated. The other thing is that I get out of all this that I think the United States ought to be spending two to three times the amount of money that we are spending on basic research and development and applied research and development. 591 00:52:40,900 --> 00:52:52,900 I think if you really look at the big picture of our energy requirements for clean energy in the future in order to improve the life of human beings on this planet, we ought to do that and get on with it. 592 00:52:52,900 --> 00:52:53,900 Thank you. 593 00:52:53,900 --> 00:52:58,900 I hope you do. 594 00:52:58,900 --> 00:53:14,900 During the next couple of months, we'll probably have an opportunity to talk to a lot of people that help to have some influence or shape the pattern of our program and related programs. 595 00:53:14,900 --> 00:53:29,900 I would appreciate it very much and through all could use the data as if you find out things we realize that you have preliminary data today and a lot of the things are our only hints and suggestions of things to come. 596 00:53:29,900 --> 00:53:35,900 I would personally appreciate it very much if you give us a call periodically and tell us what you found. 597 00:53:35,900 --> 00:53:45,900 It's too easy for us to go through here and at the end of a week or so walk off and never really know what happened and never know what kind of data came out. 598 00:53:45,900 --> 00:53:50,900 I think that makes us very poor salesman. 599 00:53:50,900 --> 00:53:56,900 I think you could help us do the job to kind of feedback the quality of the data that you've been getting. 600 00:53:56,900 --> 00:54:04,900 If you could keep us informed, please don't ever feel like you're interfering with our operation or don't be inhibited to call us. 601 00:54:04,900 --> 00:54:12,900 If we can't come to the phone and take the data or talk to you about it, the secretary of the number will be glad to call you back. 602 00:54:12,900 --> 00:54:18,900 If there's any time when you have some questions about the data, it doesn't matter how trivial it may seem to you. 603 00:54:18,900 --> 00:54:30,900 If you want to look at some data and you're curious to know whether we've ever seen a particular observation or whether the spacecraft was moving at the time your data was taken or I don't care how far out it might seem to you. 604 00:54:30,900 --> 00:54:34,900 Questions are pretty cheap and not asking questions can be very expensive. 605 00:54:34,900 --> 00:54:40,900 So please feel like our job isn't finished until you guys have all the information you can use. 606 00:54:40,900 --> 00:54:44,900 And I would like for you to feel like you can call anytime. 607 00:54:44,900 --> 00:54:45,900 Thank you very much. 608 00:54:45,900 --> 00:54:57,900 I'd like to say, giving my thanks also, it was very pleased with the way all the gear worked, especially my part on the lunar surface and part I saw of Ken and orbit. 609 00:54:57,900 --> 00:55:05,900 It was just a real pleasure to have him placed all this stuff for all you people and glad it's working so well. 610 00:55:05,900 --> 00:55:08,900 And thanks for the opportunity to go. 611 00:55:08,900 --> 00:55:12,900 If you can gin up another one, I'll be glad to go along again. 612 00:55:12,900 --> 00:55:13,900 Thank you. 613 00:55:27,900 --> 00:55:29,900 Thank you.